Associazione Italiana di Sociologia Giovani Sociologi 2007
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Assunta Viteritti e Orazio Giancola Who are the young Italian sociologists? Results of the online research on the young Italian sociologists. The research identifies the young Italian sociologists’ personal, professional and scientific features. The online questionnaire has been submitted to 325 persons, both members and non-members of the AIS, who have supplied information on their research motivations, scientific interests, participation to national and international research networks. The participants to the research are 31-years-old on average; they study and work in many Italian Universities. 60% of them are women, a few are married, and many of them are precarious. This is a descriptive work that highlights some of the main features of the young Italian researchers in the social science field. Marzia Antenore, Gabriella Fazzi e Laura Iannelli Re-mediating Politics. Web Users and Personal Influence During the Campaign for the 2006 General Elections in Italy. This contribution concerns the role of web users in the circulation of political-electoral information in the processes of influencing political opinion during the 2006 Campaign. This paper points out some conceptual and methodological suggestions in the studies on personal influence and tries to surpass the over-simplified view of political web users. The basic hypothesis is a more complex model of the online political communication flux: the multi-step flow of communication. Online information reaches some web users (Online Political Citizens Leaders) who then become sources of information and actors of re-mediation for people who don’t use this medium and for other Internet users characterised by a more generic and recreational use of the medium. The research has used a structured questionnaire completed online by 1.990 Internet users between March and April 2006. Paola Bonizzoni Civic stratification and stratified reproduction: family solidarity strategies of Latino families in Milan. Civic stratification (Morris 2002) and labour market segmentation (kind of employment, working hours, earnings) deeply impact and diversify transnational and recently reunited families’ experiences. Since both the separation and reunification processes can result in a source of strain for migrant families, we want to evidence the factors preventing the maintenance of relationships with family members in the country of origin - and the ones hindering the success of family reunification projects - as well as protective factors and family members’ adaptation to such a structure of constraints. We assume that, despite these families’ struggle for cohesion, they remain located in a stratified reproduction regime (Colen 1995), in which they are often unable to exercise the functions of sustain and control that society expects from them, because of strict immigration and social policies that often contribute to reproducing the state of discrimination that affects them. Massimo Cerulo The Daily Life of the Professional Politician. This report is based on my PhD research project. During more than one year of research in the field, using the shadowing technique and interviews, I followed sixteen Calabrian politicians: 11 men and 5 women. The aim of my study was to observe the daily life of these professional politicians, trying to view politics in a sociological way: that is, assuming the point of view of the sociologist of the daily life. The main results of my research can be summarized in four points: 1) the calabrian political class seem to be strongly “self-referred”. It has a particular difficulty to represent the citizens; 2) the calabrian political class seem to live in a “world apart”. The behaviours and habits of politicians are different from normal citizens’ behaviour. Citizens consider them like “advantage strangers”; 3) the politician is a person of habit, not very inclined to change and hazard. During his formation he learns the art of the politics. He subsequently gives up the experience and lives into a world “token for granted”; 4) the emotions and the feelings of the politicians are “commercialized”: these individuals have problems showing their authentic sentiments. Marianna d’Ovidio Social Fabrics. Relations, Space, Creativity in the Fashion Industry in Milan. The paper explores the typologies and the degree of interactions within the network of creative workers in the fashion industry in Milan, with an eye to the fashion production in London, with a comparative perspective. The literature emphasises the importance of spatial concentration of cultural and creative industries: the physical proximity is translated into face-to-face communication, which generates ideas and products, increases creativity and innovation, and eases the construction of trust. Secondly, the importance of being in a particular city is understood in two main dimensions. The city is the place where the local culture of cooperation, competition and work takes place; the city is also the space where institutions can have a significant role in the production of culture. The main questions refer first to the relations which develop among creative workers; secondly to the role that institutions play in the Milanese arena of creativity and fashion industry. Alessandra Fasano Work and life balance. The policies of part-time and working leaves in Europe. This study focuses on part-time and on working leaves not as policies of employment, but essentially as elements of a “multi-active society”, in which the individual could have time to participate also to other spheres of life, without, however, be penalized on the program of the social protection and on the job stability. In particular, we have looked to part-time and working leaves as ways to improve the involvement in other activities (such as the care work, the voluntary one and the training) in a frame of partial reduction of the time dedicated to work. In our research, we have highlighted the positive aspects of these two policies to conciliate life and working times, pointing out the differences in this field among some European countries and identifying the reasons that could explain them. We have assumed as hypothesis that the national “welfare regime”, as a institutional and cultural “configuration”, is an overall dimension that helps to explain the diffusion and typology of part-time and working leaves. Rita Fornari, Gioia Pompili The quality’s net of Higher Education: actors, concepts and patterns. With the advent of university massification, the collapse of the welfare, the growth of the “Knowledge society”, and pressure from the EC, universities have found themselves involved in the widening process of reform that have induced many European countries to create evaluation systems in order to develop high quality based universities. The policy of quality has activated a system of actors that constitutes “the quality’s net”. By way of micropolicies, the elaboration of concepts and patterns and the pressure exerted on the system, these actors are mutually influenced, contributing to the debate, to the continuous redefinition of the concept of “quality” and to the construction of tools for the evaluation of quality. The work has two objectives: make order out of the numerous definitions of “quality”, through a review of existing literature, with the aim of elaborating a conceptual framework that will allow an interpretative approach to the existing models; verify through the analysis of the “quality’s net”, whether or not a predominating concept of quality exists. Nicoletta Gay, Tatiana Mazali, Gabriella Taddeo Digital divide and Gender divide. Results of an empirical quantitative survey. The paper introduces the initial results of an empirical quantitative survey carried out on a sample of young university students enrolled in communication or media courses within the Turin area. According to the most relevant empirical evidences, the paper intends to investigate some interpretation dimensions related to the concept of technology and networks domestication and appropriation. In considering an “advanced” target (young university students) with homogeneous features (age and education), we noticed many differences in its way of accessing technologies and network environments: those differences have repercussions on their quantitative and qualitative usage. According to the digital divide theory, a positive relation between availability and heavy usage of technologies emerges, but we have also to underline that the technological habitat is not the only influence. From the analysis of several dimensions, the paper intends to discuss about the gender divide issue in the attempt to point out the factors that, even in the highly digitally alphabetized university environment, seem to characterize and to foster the contemporary digital divide. Diego Giannone Measuring democracy: old instruments for new problems. Democracy is generally considered as an “essentially contested concept” and its measurement involves both methodological and political aspects. In fact, the setting-up of methodologies and indicators grounds on a specific vision of democracy, which constitutes a political and ideological framework legitimizing political, economic, social, cultural and normative choices. Many international organizations use different ways and methods to define, measure and spread democracy and the way it is measured becomes an unavoidable reference point for national governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations to define the general framework regulating and legitimating their foreign policies, aid policies and international relations. By analyzing the Vanhanen’s Index as a paradigmatic case, I underline the general criticalities of the measurement instruments grounded on Dahl’s poliarchy. Finally, I suggest the hypothesis that these instruments share the same problems because they were elaborated in the same period as a functional answer to the new hegemonic paradigm of neoliberalism. Marco Gui Cultural externalities” of media communication. A theoretical and empirical proposal. The paper describes commercial mass media effects as one of the many “reflexes” (Beck, Giddens, Lash) or “risks” (Beck) that second modernity is gradually discovering, as the primary and intentional benefits of modernization are more and more taken for granted. As capitalism evolves its mode of development from an industrial to an informational matrix (Castells, 1996), the analysis of secondary effects impacting on culture can grow in relevance for systematic insights in sociology. The concept of “cultural externalities” is introduced to better focus a theoretical proposal in this direction. They identify the costs – cultural costs in this case – that are generated on third parties during an economic transaction in the field of media, and which are not accounted for (therefore being paid by other persons or the community as a whole). In this way, a specific part of media effects is inserted in an integrated view of “reflexes” in the second modernity, being them the pollution of ground water tables or changes in media users’ life-styles. A model is presented, based on existing sociological, psychological and economic literature, to describe how cultural externalities are created structurally and continually in the media market. Carla Izzi The historical centre of Lecce. Looking through urban modification and consumption. The consumption has become an integral part of our daily lives and today it is impossible to reflect on the city without taking into consideration consumption. Today, the city is no longer a production centre but it has evolved as the centre of images, communication flows and liquidity. We are rediscovering in our cities a cultural explosion which is represented in the birth of the city encyclopaedia, city of illusions and aspirations. A city of dreams, of great performances and spectacles and of aestheticism, the post-modern city is a fantasy city where the spectacle is diffused in a capillary form, making fantasy seem more real than reality. This reflection aims to weigh up the balance with which these interconnections are tied to the urban reality of a city of an average size, namely Lecce to those consumption modalities found in the great post-modern metropolis. To be specific to examine the same typical trends apparent in modern cities including the performance and the consumer aetheticism. The study aims to focus its attention only on the historical centre which in the last years has become a renovated place of attraction and cultural production. Gevisa La Rocca Texts of “sand”. Discovery and justification in textual data analysis. Quantitative analysis of lexicon or statistics of textual data (Bolasco 2004) is engendered from the convergence of two different disciplines: linguistics and statistical linguistic. The implementation of statistical tools to the qualitative methods, that is a formalization process used in qualitative research fields, caused a reversal in the debate that – in the Twenties and the Thirties at the School of Chicago and in the Sixties with the Symbolic Interactionism and the Ethnomethodology – had seen the qualitative researchers and the quantitative researchers on opposite sides. The assumption that takes for granted that results deriving from qualitative research provide an uncertain validity, inasmuch produced through non substantiated methods and techniques, fades away. With the introduction of a corpus, which will set up our data base, and by performing analysis procedures aimed at both verifying or falsifying the hipothesis, it results the possibility to develop a process that which may responsible either of a disclosure or of a justification phase, just in accord with the procedure used. This work wants to follow the two routes: the inductive one through the analysis of concordances and the hypothetical- deductive one through the measurement of specifities. Paolo Magaudda Technologies, users, and the co-construction of social practices: the appropriation of digital music. Contemporary society is characterised by the remarkable diffusion of numerous technological devices. Consequently, users’ processes of technology appropriation constitutes a relevant sphere of sociological analysis. In this paper the appropriation of technology is understood through three different analytical dimensions: a practice level, connected to users’ concrete and material habits; a symbolic level, linked to the interpretative processes elaborated around technological devices; and a cognitive level, associated with the circulation of a set of technical competences involved in the use of technologies. Starting from this perspective, the paper present the result of a qualitative research regarding new digital music listening technologies, such as the mp3 format, peer-to-peer software, and digital portable players. Sergio Mauceri The “Slow” generation. A research program on the delay of parenthood transition. Since 2003, we have conducted four social inquires in urban contexts involving young male and female adults, on different paths of transition to adulthood. The principal purpose of this research program is to interpret the generative mechanisms of the Italian phenomenon of delaying the birth of the first child. The interpretative axes for research problem conceptualization are inter-gender and inter-generational comparisons, supposing that these are essential in interpreting the set of choices, motivations and expectations linked to parental roles. The decision to postpone having children is not strongly linked to any “crisis of family values”. The real determinants of the phenomenon are very likely linked to the fact that in Italy, since the beginning of the XXth century, the present younger generation is the first to suffer from a general decrease in social opportunities as compared with the previous one. According to the results, delay in the assumption of the parental role is an unintentional effect of a set of intentional actions all aimed at creating and consolidating life conditions supporting self-realization. Marco Pedroni Symbolic violence theory in Pierre Bourdieu. Pierre Bourdieu’s thought is generally linked to the concepts of habitus, capital and field. On the contrary, his symbolic violence theory is not so well-known. Bourdieu coins this expression to point out a kind of invisible violence, by means of which some meanings are imposed as being legitimate, concealing the relations of power whose these meanings are an expression. Symbolic violence theory appears in Bourdieu’s studies on Kabyle society and it is treated in his works on school and education, crossing his more important books, until La domination masculine, where it is examined by considering the male domination over the women. In carrying out an analysis of Pierre Bourdieu’s works, the paper wants to illustrate symbolic violence theory by means of the formulations proposed by his author, and then it considers his limits and uses in the sociological literature, where the concept is often treated as being a simple opposite of physical or real violence. For sociology, it is a theory with a strong heuristic force, which can offer a model to interpret every field of human activity. Katia Santomieri Europeanization of public policy in the areas of consumer protection: the case of the food authority. The paper explores the europeanization processes which, during the last years, characterized the definition of public policy related to food safety - both at EU and national level - throughout the analysis of a specific case: the institution of the European of Food Safety Authority f of Parma. The comparison between different national contexts permits to evaluate the nowadays transformation, where the independent variable, which leads this very transformation, is represented by EU pressures. The different of EU politics within national contexts seems to be dependent on two main factors: Institutional dimension, related to organizational and legislative structures featuring internal national contexts before EU interventions; Cognitive dimension, related to the different paradigms regarding the concept of alimentary security. The horizontal comparison between different cases, taking into consideration the respective starting points and the characteristics of the UE input, consents to portray the changes occurred in the europeanization process, held as a process which leads to a non-differentiation of the different national systems (in the sense of a progressive diminishment of the differences between country and country) in comparison to the previous aspects. Paola Maria Torrioni New rules of family life. Apparent calm that it seems to characterize, in the last few decades, the relationships between parents and sons has been explained in different ways: for someone like real absence of conflict between the generations; for others, to the contrary, it indicates that something has jammed in the values’ transmission and that parents do not represent more reference’s points for the new generations. The specific aims of this paper are to analyse: a) the changes in the modalities of interaction between parents and sons and daughters with reference to the authority relations and the shapes of regulation of their daily interactions; b) the existence, in a context of progressive weakening and erosion of the structures of parents authority, of a substantial convergence in the perceptions of young people and adults with regard to educational choices, the reference models, the modalities of family interactions. In this perspective the socialization process is interpreted as a dynamic process in which vertical-hierarchical mechanisms of socialization are replaced by ‘horizontal’ ones based on intra-generational comparison and on intergenerational bargaining. Sommario Premessa, di Adriana Signorelli Percorsi e interessi di ricerca dei giovani sociologi nelle università italiane: i risultati di una indagine on line di Assunta Viteritti e Orazio Giancola SOCIETÀ E MUTAMENTO Stratificazione civica e riproduttiva, e strategie di solidarietà familiare tra migranti di origine latinoamericana in Italia di Paola Bonizzoni Digital divide e Gender divide. Risultati di una ricerca empirica di carattere quantitativo di Nicoletta Gay, Tatiana Mazali e Gabriella Taddeo Generazione “lenta”. Un programma di ricerca sul ritardo nell’assunzione del ruolo genitoriale di Sergio Mauceri Testi di sabbia. Scoperta e giustificazione nell’analisi dei dati testuali di Gevisa La Rocca La teoria della violenza simbolica in Pierre Bourdieu di Marco Pedroni CULTURE E TERRITORI Nuove regole di vita familiare di Paola Maria Torrioni Tessuti sociali. Relazioni, spazio, creatività nell’industria della moda a Milano di Marianna d’Ovidio La rete della qualità dell’Higher Education: attori, concetti e modelli emergenti di Rita Fornari e Gioia Pompili Le “esternalità culturali” della comunicazione mediale. Una proposta teorica ed empirica di Marco Gui Il centro storico di Lecce: uno sguardo tra modificazione urbana e consumo di Carla Izzi Le tecnologie, gli utenti e la co-costruzione delle pratiche sociali: il lavoro di appropriazione della musica digitale di Paolo Magaudda POLITICHE E PROCESSI Ri-mediare la politica. Gli utenti di Internet e l’influenza personale nella Campagna per le Politiche 2006 di Marzia Antenore, Gabriella Fazzi e Laura Iannelli La vita quotidiana del politico di professione: uno studio etnografico di Massimo Cerulo Conciliazione e tempi di vita. Le politiche del part-time e dei congedi dal lavoro in Europa di Alessandra Fasano Misurare la democrazia: strumenti vecchi, problemi nuovi di Diego Giannone Europeizzazione delle politiche pubbliche in difesa del consumatore: il caso dell’Authority alimentare europea di Katia Santomieri ABSTRACT NOTE SUGLI AUTORI ISBN: 978-88-89543-83-2